Physics 2014 Exam

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 4 (Force, Work, Energy and Power), Page 78:
“Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact and always acts to reduce the mechanical energy of a moving body.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 4 (Dynamics), Page 95:
“In real-life cases, dissipative forces such as friction cause the mechanical energy to be converted to other forms such as heat, and mechanical energy is not conserved.”

Hint

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 2 (Rotational Motion), Page 39:
“Angular motion under constant acceleration is described by similar equations to linear motion:

ω2=ω02+2αθ\omega^2 = \omega_0^2 + 2\alpha\theta

ω2=ω02​+2αθ.”

Hint

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 2 (Rotational Dynamics), Page 50:
“The moment of inertia about a new axis is the moment of inertia about the center of mass plus mass times the square of the distance between the two axes.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 3 (Static Equilibrium), Page 79:
“The second condition for equilibrium states that the net torque acting on a system must be zero for it to remain rotationally stable.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 3 (Elasticity), Page 67:
“Tensile stress is the internal force acting per unit cross-sectional area when a body is stretched.”

Hint

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 3 (Fluid Statics), Page 83:
“Capillarity is the phenomenon where a liquid rises or falls in a small diameter tube due to surface tension. The rise height is related to fluid density, surface tension, and tube radius.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 5 (Heat and Calorimetry), Page 179:
“Thermal conduction depends on the material’s thermal conductivity, temperature gradient, time, area, and thickness.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 5 (First Law of Thermodynamics), Page 185:
“The internal energy change depends on heat added to the system and work done by/on the system. Heat lost is negative.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 5 (Thermodynamics), Page 188:
“A reversible process is an idealization where the system is always in thermodynamic equilibrium. An irreversible process involves finite changes that move the system away from equilibrium.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 6 (Mechanical Oscillation), Page 125:
“Resonance occurs when the frequency of a driving force matches the natural frequency of the system, producing large amplitude oscillations.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 6 (Reflection of Light), Page 141:
“The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, upright and of the same size as the object and located as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 5 (Geometrical Optics), Page 152:
“Images in a plane mirror are laterally inverted and appear along the sightline extended behind the mirror.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 6 (Mirrors and Lenses), Page 207:
“Use the mirror formula to calculate image distance, then use magnification formula.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 2 (Measurement and Safety), Page 20:
“Systematic error affects accuracy by shifting all measurements in one direction. Random errors cause variation in repeated measurements.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 1 (Vector Quantities), Page 4 (Concept of precision and accuracy):
“Random error can be reduced by repeated trials and averaging, but systematic errors must be corrected or calibrated.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 1 (Vector Quantities), Page 14:
“Unit vectors are dimensionless and represent direction only. Obtained by dividing vector by its magnitude.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 2 (Scalars and Vectors), Page 19:
“To find a unit vector in the direction of any vector A⃗\vec{A}, use A⃗/∣A⃗∣\vec{A}/|\vec{A}|.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 1 (Scalars and Vectors), Page 13:
“Collinear vectors are scalar multiples of each other.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 2 (Vector Addition), Page 21:
“If

A⃗=kB⃗\vec{A} = k\vec{B}

A=kB, then

A⃗\vec{A}

A and

B⃗\vec{B}

B are collinear.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 3 (Motion), Page 55:
“In uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time graph is linear, and acceleration-time graph is constant.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 1 (Kinematics), Page 15:
“The slope of v-t graph gives acceleration; area under a-t graph gives change in velocity.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 4 (Gravitation), Page 125:
“Orbital speed increases as the radius of orbit decreases.”

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 1 (Circular Motion and Gravitation), Page 20:
“Closer satellites have shorter periods and greater speed due to stronger gravity.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 3 (Forces and Equilibrium), Page 91:
“For inclined forces, resolve components of force and balance them against friction.”

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 4 (Friction), Page 88:
“Static friction depends on normal force and is overcome by pulling force at angle.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 3 (Impulse and Momentum), Page 103:
“Force is change in momentum over time:

F=ΔptF = \frac{\Delta p}{t}

F=tΔp​.”

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 5 (Momentum), Page 105:
“Only the horizontal momentum changes when bouncing off a wall.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 4 (Work and Energy), Page 132:
“Work is positive if force is in direction of motion; negative if opposite.”

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 4 (Work), Page 84:
“When throwing object upward, gravity does negative work.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 2 (Waves and Sound), Page 59:
“Standing waves result from the interference of two waves of the same amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 5 (Wave Behavior), Page 154:
“Superposition of two opposite waves yields standing waves with nodes and antinodes.”

Hint

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 2 (Wave Optics), Page 49:
“Position of bright fringes in interference pattern is given by y=nλLdy = \frac{n\lambda L}{d}.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 6 (Interference), Page 198:
“In Young’s experiment, fringe location depends on order, wavelength, slit separation, and screen distance.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 6 (Electrostatics), Page 222:
“Dipoles experience torque in an electric field, trying to align with it.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 4 (Electric Fields), Page 108:
“The direction of torque on a dipole depends on its alignment with the electric field.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 6 (Electrostatics), Page 228:
“Electric potential due to point charge: V=kqrV = \frac{kq}{r}​.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 4 (Electric Potential), Page 116:
“Electric potential depends on distance and sign of charge.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 4 (Series and Parallel Circuits), Page 129:
“Voltage across each parallel branch is equal.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 6 (Resistors in Circuits), Page 241:
“Use Ohm’s Law and equivalent resistance to analyze circuits.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 5 (Magnetism), Page 173:
“In a long solenoid, the field is uniform inside and parallel to its axis.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 5 (Electromagnetism), Page 162:
“The magnetic field outside a long solenoid is very small compared to the field inside.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 5 (Electromagnetic Induction), Page 188:
“An emf is induced when magnetic flux through a loop changes.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 5 (Induction), Page 170:
“Faraday’s law states emf ∝ rate of change of flux.”

Hint

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 3 (AC Circuits), Page 102:
“Only resistive components dissipate power in an RLC circuit.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 5 (Alternating Current), Page 206:
“Power = VrmsIrmscos⁡ϕV_{rms} I_{rms} \cos\phiVrms​Irms​cosϕ, where $\cos \varphi$ is the phase difference.”

Hint

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 5 (Modern Physics), Page 142:
“Position and momentum cannot both be precisely known.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 7 (Quantum Ideas), Page 253:
“Measurement of one quantity increases the uncertainty in the conjugate quantity.”

Hint

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 4 (Nuclear Physics), Page 165:
“The peak binding energy at A = 56 shows maximum nuclear stability.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 7 (Atomic and Nuclear Physics), Page 239:
“Fission and fusion both lead to nuclei closer to iron, increasing stability.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 5 (Waves), Page 143:
“Echo is a result of reflection of sound from a hard surface.”

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 5 (Sound Waves), Page 92:
“Refraction is bending of waves when they pass between different media.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 3 (Rotational Motion), Page 87:
“Rotational work is defined as torque multiplied by angular displacement.”

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 1 (Work and Energy), Page 112:
“Rotational analogue of work: W=τθ”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 4 (Gravitation), Page 127:
“Period of orbit depends on radius and mass of central body.”

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 1 (Circular Motion and Gravitation), Page 21:
“Kepler’s third law:

T2∝r3T^2 \propto r^3

”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 3 (Electrostatics), Page 98:
“Contact charging results in same sign charge being transferred.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 6 (Electrostatics), Page 220:
“Charge redistribution occurs when objects touch.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 6 (Capacitance), Page 236:
“Inserting dielectric reduces field and energy if battery is disconnected.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 4 (Capacitors), Page 132:
“Capacitance increases with dielectric; energy decreases if charge is constant.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 4 (Electricity), Page 122:
“Resistance is directly proportional to length and inversely proportional to cross-sectional area.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 6 (Current Electricity), Page 232:
“Thinner wires and longer lengths have higher resistance.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 4 (Circuits and Measurement), Page 127:
“Voltmeter is always connected across the component to measure potential difference.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 6 (Electric Circuits), Page 240:
“Ammeter must be in series to measure current flowing through the component.”

Hint

📖 Grade 12 Physics, Unit 2 (Magnetism), Page 78:
“Charge sign affects path curvature in a magnetic field.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 5 (Magnetism), Page 183:
“Radius of circular motion in a magnetic field is inversely proportional to charge magnitude.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 5 (Transformers), Page 167:
“Voltage ratio equals turn ratio; current ratio is inverse.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 6 (AC Circuits), Page 248:
“Transformers conserve power (ideal), so VpIp=VsIsV_p I_p = V_s I_s​.”

Hint

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 7 (Electronics), Page 258:
“Diodes allow current only in one direction.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 6 (Semiconductors), Page 183:
“Forward-biased diode conducts, reverse-biased blocks current.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 1 (Vectors and Motion), Page 18:
“Components of vectors can be added using trigonometry.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 1 (Vectors), Page 19:
“Resultant force can be found by vector addition of components.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 2 (Kinematics), Page 45:
“Maximum height of a vertically thrown object: h=v22gh = \frac{v^2}{2g}​”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 2 (One-dimensional motion), Page 40:
“Use equations of motion to analyze vertical motion.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 3 (Forces), Page 74:
“Static friction increases with force, up to a maximum (limiting friction).”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 3 (Forces and Motion), Page 95:
“Limiting friction = peak value before motion.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 2 (Forces), Page 64:
“Apparent weight is affected by acceleration of lift.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 3 (Newton’s Laws), Page 83:
“Normal force changes when lift accelerates.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 5 (Energy), Page 124:
“Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight to electricity with minimal emissions.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 8 (Energy Sources), Page 271:
“Solar energy is sustainable and has no direct pollution.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 3 (Machines), Page 81:
“IMA = distance moved by effort / distance moved by load.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 2 (Work, Energy & Machines), Page 56:
“For inclined planes, IMA = 1/sinθ when friction is negligible.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 4 (Fluids), Page 112:
“A floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 3 (Fluids), Page 94:
“Floatation: Upthrust = Weight for floating objects.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 4 (Properties of Matter), Page 104:
“Water contracts until 4°C and expands below that due to hydrogen bonding.”

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 3 (Thermal Expansion), Page 88:
“Water shows anomalous expansion near freezing point.”

Hint

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 2 (Thermodynamics), Page 68:
“Heat lost = Heat gained when no loss to environment.”

📖 Grade 11 Physics, Unit 4 (Heat and Temperature), Page 147:
“Use conservation of energy in calorimetry.”

Hint

📖 Grade 9 Physics, Unit 5 (Waves), Page 130:
“Speed of wave: v=fλv = f \lambda

📖 Grade 10 Physics, Unit 5 (Electromagnetic Waves), Page 152:
“Speed of light in vacuum is 3.0×1083.0 \times 10^8 ms